Pdf transfrontier conservation, sustainable use and the southern. Transfrontier conservation areas transboundary conservation. Beauty and richness in abundance the nature conservation map of the region still resembles a patchwork quilt. Although there is controversy about the term indigenous african, in southern africa it is widely accepted that huntergatherers such as the san and khoe are. Tfcas in the sadc context transfrontier conservation areas are a relatively new concept in the conservation arena. It lies in the kavango and zambezi river basins where angola, botswana, namibia, zambia and zimbabwe converge. The mission is to remove all human barriers within the transfrontier park or transfrontier conservation area so that animals can roam freely within the local ecosystem. The kaza tfca is enormous, larger than germany and austria combined and nearly twice as large as the united kingdom. Jun 30, 2017 this is transfrontier parks destinations tfpd, run by cofounder glynn oleary, who finds tourism locations where development is needed most in or adjacent to transfrontier conservation areas and there revitalises and operates communityowned hospitality facilities, which essentially translates into lodges. However, following the establishment of tfcas by various countries, questions about their contribution to conflict management.
Problems associated with tourism development in southern africa. It embraces most of the okavango river basin, an integral part of an ecosystem that is connected to. May 14, 2020 the kaza tfca is the largest transfrontier conservation area in the world covering almost 520 000 km 2 in angola, botswana, zambia, zimbabwe and namibia. These areas may include ecological corridors, private game reserves, communal natural resource management areas and hunting concession areas.
The kavangozambezi transfrontier conservation area is the largest. Blackwell publishing ltd transfrontier conservation areas. Through an analysis of transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in central america, it contends that specific forms of global environmental governance require some rethinking to accommodate their potentially fragile and uneven nature, and that it is more open. Transfrontier conservation areas and humanwildlife. This paper discusses some of the limitations of the tfps. Transfrontier conservation areas tfcas have recently emerged as the 21 st century approach to managing protected areas in southern africa. At the subregional level, cooperation has focused on equitable sharing of natural resources, such as regional seas 259 and shared water resources 260, as well as on improving conservation, through transboundary conservation areas also known as transfrontier parks, to support integration and developmentrelated activities such as tourism 261.
Through an analysis of transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in central america, it contends that specific forms of global environmental governance require some rethinking to accommodate their potentially fragile and uneven nature, and that it is more open, opaque or uneven than many theorists suggest. Aiaisrichtersveld transfrontier park transfrontier park in namibia and south africa includes the richtersveld in south africa and the fish river canyon and aiais hot springs in namibia. The generic term transboundary protected area covers a series of different types of transfrontier areas set aside for conservation including two or more. There are also a number of areas that have been declared as protected areas. The establishment of the kgalagadi transfrontier park has provided a useful model for demonstrating the institutional arrangements for tfca. Conservation area tfca transfrontier conservation areas, also known as peace. From parks and game ranches to transfrontier conservation areas 2009 helen suich, brian child and anna spenceley editors this is an indispensable reference for protected area and land managers, development practitioners and academics and students in conservation, land management. The project tfcatdp builds upon the experience of the first geffunded tfca pilot and institutional strengthening project tfca aimed at. The protected areas of south africa include national parks and marine protected areas managed by the national government, public nature reserves managed by provincial and local governments, and private nature reserves managed by private landowners. Transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in southern africa article pdf available in journal of sustainable forestry 1712.
These areas illustrate the links between the conditions under which a protected area was established and park management attitudes. Tfcas varies from those that are transfrontier parks tp and include two or more adjacent and protected areas e. Three of the areas share borders with neighboring countries. The approach in the research is the managerial approach. Southern africa development community guideline for crossborder tourism products 2018 anna spenceley this guideline provides information to guide the stepbystep development of tourism activities that take place within transfrontier conservation areas, and across international borders in southern africa. Abstractcontests over scarce and shared natural resources continue to headline conflicts across the worlds geographic regions. National parks are maintained by south african national parks sanparks. About us transfrontier parks destinations tfpd is a consortium of likeminded associates who are businessoriented social entrepreneurs. Transfrontier conservation areas in the southern african development community introduction this booklet invites the reader to a journey through transfrontier conservation areas tfcas within the southern african development community sadc. It set to join the banhinezinhave mozambique, kruger south africa and gonarezhou zimbabwe national parks. The area may include one or more protected areas as well as multiple resource use areas. Such areas are also known as transfrontier conservation areas tfcas or peace parks.
This program aimed at developing conservation and tourism to stimulate local employment and promote opportunities and subsistence alternatives to rural communities as well as ensure improved nature conservation. Sustainable management of protected areas in the sadc region. Transfrontier conservation areas and humanwildlife conflict. The kgalagadi transfrontier park was an important development in conservation as a landuse option took place in october 2002 when a total of almost 58 000 ha of land in the park was restored to the khomani san and mier communities. The transfrontier conservation areas tfcas concept gained widespread acceptance as one of the promising conflict management strategies. Transfrontier conservation areas in southern africa kgalagadi transfrontier park ktp.
Kgalagadi transfrontier park the kgalagadi transfrontier park ktp was the first crossborder park to be established in southern africa. Peace parks foundation has been actively involved with the establishment and development of ten of the. Pdf transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in southern. Paper prepared for the workshop on transboundary protected areas in the governance stream of the 5th world parks congress, durban, south africa, 12 september 2003. Explore the incongruities of national sovereignty and realities of regional political cooperation. South africa is involved in the following transfrontier conservation areas tfcas, also known as peace parks. The global objective of the project is to ensure the sustainable management and conservation of mozambiques global biodiversity assets and critically important transboundary ecosystems through an integrated ecosystem management approach. Transfrontier conservation areas secosud ii italian.
Conservation is more than protecting rhinos and elephants, the controlling of illegal logging or. Indigenous africans are mostly from hunting and gathering societies or from nomadic herding peoples. There are also a number of areas that have been declared as protected areas under a variety of different legislation, which for. Transfrontier conservation area initiatives in subsaharan. The concept of transfrontier conservation areas tfcas recognises that management of shared natural resources across international boundaries has the potential to meaningfully contribute to conservation of biodiversity and the socioeconomic development of rural communities. Tbpas exist in many forms around the world, and are established for various reasons. The map shows the parks and game reserves which are included in kaza. A transfrontier conservation area tfca is defined as the area or component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries, encompassing one or more protected areas as well as multiple resource use areas. The park was officially opened on 12 may 2000, and is an amalgamation of south africas previous kalahari gemsbok national park and botswanas gemsbok national park. We are collaborating with conservation areas in mz, za and sw to provide data and tools in support of natural resources management and achieve a shared approach towards biodiversity conservation and sustainable land use.
Welcome to the kavangozambezi transfrontier conservation area. Transfrontier conservation areas tfcas refer to relatively large areas of land, straddling international borders between two or more countries that incorporate. The kaza tfca is the largest transfrontier conservation area in the world covering almost 520 000 km 2 in angola, botswana, zambia, zimbabwe. Great limpopo and lubombo transfrontier conservation areas. Natural resources nationalism, security and regionalism in the southern african development community region, international journal of development and sustainability, vol. A transfrontier conservation area tfca on the other hand usually refers to a crossborder region whose different component areas have different forms of conservation status such as national parks, private game reserves, communal natural resource management areas and even hunting concession areas. At nearly 38 000 km2, it is larger than many countries and one of the largest national parks in the world.
The great limpopo transfrontier park ministerial committee meeting held in maputo recently made several decisions which include the incorporation of the greater libombos conservancy glc as part of the great limpopo transfrontier conservation area gltfca to enhance biodiversity conservation and community development. Working in southern africas transfrontier peace parks and adjacent areas, we are passionate about the development of a viable and. The tfca program expanded conservation areas, reintroduced wildlife, and developed potential for naturebased tourism all benefitting rural communities and the country as a. The great limpopo is one of the largest transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in the world, encompassing vast areas in south africa, zimbabwe, and mozambique.
Transfrontier conservation areas eswatini national trust. Resistance of local communities against marginalization in. Such areas are also known as transfrontier conservation areas tfcas or peace parks tbpas exist in many forms around the world, and are established for various reasons. The tfca concept is embraced by practically all international conservation agencies. Transfrontier conservation areas and sustainable tourism. Parks, involve the integration or linking of conservation. Transfrontier conservation areas a window on zambia. About gltp great limpopo transfrontier conservation area. Kavangozambezi transfrontier conservation area is known as kaza. Pdf transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in southern africa. Transfrontier conservation areas iucn library system. Prof willem van riet peace parks foundation article type. The role of transfrontier conservation areas and their. Transfrontier conservation area tfca an area that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries where the natural and cultural resources are collaboratively managed by the governments andor authorities involved.
Its mandate was expanded to include dealing with the countrys rapid progress in creating new protected regions like transfrontier conservation areas, biosphere reserves, world heritage sites, national parks and bioregional plans to. Kgalagadi transfrontier park the kgalagadi, simply put, is colossal. Africas political leaders, governments, conservation and tourism organizations, bilateral and multilateral aid agencies, the private sector, local communities and ngos are increasingly embracing transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in recognition of their role in conserving biodiversity, socioeconomic development and promoting a culture of peace and regional cooperation. Transfrontier parks in south africa cultural survival. Transfrontier parks tfps and transfrontier conservation area tfcas are established when the authorities responsible for all conservation areas, which border on one another across international boundaries, agree to manage those areas as one integrated unit. In southern africa, as in other parts of the world, indigenous peoples are integral components of parks and protected areas. In conclusion i posit that unlike tfps, which are state controlled and managed, tfcas, which promote multiland use and multistakeholder participation are attainable and have a higher probability of. Existing conservation areas remain isolated from one other. Explanation the peace parks foundation, a section 21 company not for gain, was started in february 1997 to facilitate the establishment of transfrontier conservation areas, which are also commonly referred to as peace parks. Transfrontier conservation areas, or tfcas at least potential and existing terrestrial transfrontier parks and transfrontier conservation areasalso known as transboundary conservation areashave been identified in the southern african development community sadc region. We are wellqualified with indepth experience in finance, marketing, safari activities and hospitality management. Connected conservation a transfrontier conservation area tfca is defined as the area or component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries, encompassing one or more protected areas as well as multiple resource use areas. The inception of the great limpopo transfrontier conservation area, for instance, saw the promotion of the unification between kruger national park in south.
Southern african development community transfrontier. The introduction of transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in southern africa was based on an enchanting promise, with crossborder collaboration and ecotourism becoming vehicles of this promise. Kaza is the size of france and takes in parts of zambia, zimbabwe, botswana, namibia and angola. Tfcas are founded with the aim of collaboratively managing shared natural and cultural. The tfca program expanded conservation areas, reintroduced wildlife, and developed potential for naturebased tourism all benefitting rural communities and the country as a whole. The preservation of traditional animal migration patterns, ensuring sufficient food. Multipleland use practices in transfrontier conservation. Dividing the wilderness africa has a great variety of parks, with many linked through ancient migration routes of animals. The focus of the management approach is the improvement of the.
A transfrontier conservation area tfca is defined in the sadc protocol on wildlife conservation and law enforcement 1999 as a component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries encompassing one or more protected areas as well as multiple resource use areas. Most protected areas are intended for the conservation of flora and fauna. This is transfrontier parks destinations tfpd, run by cofounder glynn oleary, who finds tourism locations where development is needed most in or adjacent to transfrontier conservation areas and there revitalises and operates communityowned hospitality facilities, which essentially translates into lodges. Unlike national parks and other protected areas that place emphasis only on the protection of plant and animal species within their borders, transfrontier conservation areas promote conservation beyond the borders of protected areas. In as much as transfrontier conservation areas could be panacea to achieve. This book focuses on the forgotten people displaced by, or living on the edge of, protected wildlife areas.
These areas may include ecological corridors, private game reserves, communal natural resource management areas and hunting. A new protectedarea model has been adopted over the last 15 years by number of southern african countries. The types of crossborder tourism products addressed include. By arguing that residents living in or close to the tfca will participate in its management and benefit economically, tfca proponents claim social legitimacy for the project. The transfrontier conservation areas tfca concept therefore aims at improving the quality of life of the people of the participating countries by means of the interstate collaboration and promoting sustainable use of natural resources, whilst at the same time managing for the conservation of transboundary ecosystems and associated biodiversity. The preservation of traditional animal migration patterns, ensuring sufficient food and water sources for population growth, is a critical reason for the creation of tbpas. Pdf transfrontier conservation areas tfcas in south africa. A transboundary protected area tbpa is an ecological protected area that spans boundaries of more than one country or subnational entity.
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